玻(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼(FRP)亦稱(cheng)(cheng)作GFRP,即(ji)纖維強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)塑料(liao),一般指用(yong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纖維增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)飽和聚酯、環氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)與酚醛樹(shu)脂(zhi)基體(ti)。以玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纖維或(huo)其制品作增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)材料(liao)的增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)塑料(liao),稱(cheng)(cheng)謂為玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纖維增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)塑料(liao),或(huo)稱(cheng)(cheng)為玻(bo)璃(li)(li)鋼,不(bu)同于鋼化(hua)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)。
由于所(suo)使用的樹脂品(pin)種(zhong)不同,因此(ci)有聚酯玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)、環氧玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)、酚醛(quan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)鋼(gang)之別。質輕而硬,不導電,性能穩(wen)定,機械強度(du)高,回收利用少,耐腐蝕。可以代替鋼(gang)材(cai)制造機器零件(jian)和汽(qi)車、船(chuan)舶外殼等。
玻璃鋼學名纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao),俗稱FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastics),即(ji)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。根據采用(yong)的纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)不同分(fen)為玻璃纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(GFRP),碳(tan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(CFRP),硼(peng)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)(deng)。它是(shi)以(yi)(yi)玻璃纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)及其制(zhi)品(玻璃布、帶、氈、紗等(deng)(deng))作為增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao),以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)成樹(shu)脂(zhi)作基(ji)體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的一(yi)種復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)由增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)和(he)基(ji)體(ti)組成。纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(或晶(jing)須)的直徑很(hen)小(xiao),一(yi)般在10μm以(yi)(yi)下(xia),缺陷較少又較小(xiao),斷裂應變約為千(qian)分(fen)之三(san)十以(yi)(yi)內(nei),是(shi)脆性(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao),易損(sun)傷、斷裂和(he)受到腐蝕(shi)。基(ji)體(ti)相對于纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)來說,強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度、模量(liang)都要低很(hen)多(duo),但可(ke)以(yi)(yi)經受住大(da)的應變,往往具有粘彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)彈(dan)塑(su)性(xing)(xing),是(shi)韌性(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。